If you want to invest in the stock market but don’t have a large enough portfolio to achieve the diversity you want through individual stock purchases, mutual funds may provide the solution you are looking for. Mutual funds are a collection of stocks designed to meet a stated investment objective or strategy. For instance, you may be able to choose between a fund that holds small- or mid-sized companies, large blue chip companies, or government bonds. Some funds are designed to provide growth, others to give you income.

Fully diversified mutual funds can offer you access to more than 50 individual stocks or bonds. Achieving a similarly diversified portfolio by purchasing individual stocks is more difficult and costly. The trading costs for buying and selling stocks can quickly eat away a smaller portfolio’s value. This is less of a problem if you have a larger sum of money to invest.

Understanding the Risks

Mutual funds provide a stated objective or strategy, giving you some understanding of the level of risk and the potential for return. You can get an understanding of the fund’s objective and past performance by reading its prospectus. But a fund’s stated objective may not tell you the whole story. Many funds have a great deal of latitude in which stocks they may actually buy. Therefore, even if you own shares of six different funds, each supposedly invested under a different type of overall objective, you may not be as diversified as you think. Each of the six funds may hold shares of the same stock. This would increase your vulnerability to market corrections, even though you may not be aware of the risk.

A mutual fund’s performance depends in large part on its portfolio manager. So, what happens if the fund’s manager changes his or her strategy during the investment period or the fund changes managers? Having a financial advisor who meets regularly with the fund’s manager to determine his or her strategies and meets with the fund company to determine its policies for hiring and maintaining quality portfolio managers can help you minimize this risk.

Reading A Mutual Fund Prospectus

A mutual fund prospectus should outline these six factors that allow you to evaluate the fund and its potential place in your plan.

1. Investment objective. Is the fund seeking to make money over the long term or to provide investors with cash each month? You’ll find the answers in this section of the prospectus.
2. Strategy. This section should spell out the types of stocks, bonds or other securities the fund plans to invest in. It may look for small, fast-growing firms or large, well-established companies. If it’s a bond fund, it may hold corporate bonds or foreign debt. This section may also mention any restrictions on what the fund can invest in.
3. Risks. The prospectus should explain the risks associated with the fund. For instance, a fund that invests in emerging markets will be riskier than one investing in the United States or other developed countries. A bond fund should also discuss the credit quality of the bonds it holds and how a change in interest rates may affect those holdings.
4. Expenses. Different funds have different sales charges and other fees. The prospectus will spell out those fees so you can compare them with the fees of other funds. It should also explain the percentage of the fund’s return that is deducted each year to pay for management fees and operation costs.
5. Past performance. Although you shouldn’t judge a fund solely by its past performance, this can show how consistently the fund has performed and give some indication of how it may fare in the future. This section of the prospectus will also show you the fund’s income distributions and its total return.
6. Management. This section may do nothing more than listthe fund manager or managers, or it may give specific information about the management team’s experience. If the prospectus doesn’t contain enough detail, you may be able to find this information in the fund’s annual report.

This article explains some general information about various types of investment products. It is designed to initiate your interest and should not be taken as a recommendation to invest in any specific direction. Complete information about all the details of each type of investment needs to be considered before suitability can be determined.

Investors must carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, liquidity, charges and expenses, and possible surrender fees of any investment before committing to an investment. This and other information can be found in the prospectus for the specific issue involved and should be carefully read before investing. The prospectus can be obtained from the individual company issuing the security, by calling their respective office, or accessing their respective website. Your financial professional can guide you where to find the contact information for each company. A qualified registered securities representative can explain the specific characteristics of each product and guide you in selecting the investments that are most suitable for your specific needs.